Who deserves credit? An American made car? Or a rosary? Details here.

Yes. Horns.

The painting, which was hundreds of years old, really puzzled me. [This isn't the painting I saw, but it'll do.]

The Madrid painting seemed awfully anti-Semitic — even by 15th century Spanish standards. I asked around and nobody at the museum could explain why Moses had horns.

The painting continued to mystify me. Until today. Reading Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years, by Diarmaid MacCulloch, I learned how Moses got his horns. Apparently, St. Jerome gave them to him.

The translator of the Vulgate version of the Bible misinterpreted a Hebrew word in the book of Exodus. Instead of saying that Moses’ face “shone” after his descent from Mt. Sinai, the Vulgate said that Moses’ face “had horns.”

Mystery solved.

(The Jewish Encyclopedia offers more details.)

The Deseret News, owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, announced that it is cutting its staff roughly in half.

Half a continent away, there were reports that the Washington Times will be sold to investors loyal to the Rev. Sun Myung Moon — for one dollar. [The group of Moon associates currently running the paper were apparently unwilling to keep subsidizing it in perpetuity.]

Meanwhile, in Boston, the daily Christian Science Monitor has transitioned from print to the internet.

A question I’ve been pondering — the U.S. doesn’t have a Catholic paper, a Southern Baptist paper or a United Methodist paper. Why didn’t the nation’s largest religious bodies failed to build daily newspapers of their own?

A second question — The Mormon Church, as far as I can tell, is one of the most successful institutions in America numerically and financially. Why would it make such sharp cuts to its paper when the church, itself, appears to be flourishing?

Early on, the military was promoting cigarettes. So was Congress and Hollywood, Madison Avenue and (of course) Big Tobacco. But Pentecostals held their ground — and were eventually vindicated.

Pentecostals argued that smoking was a nasty, disgusting, filthy habit (all true, of course) and that it defiled the temple of the Holy Ghost. But that isn’t why they carried the day. They won the war on tobacco because of science and the surgeon general.

Cigarettes caused cancer. Period. Game, set, match.

While Pentecostals carried the day on cigarettes, they’ve been less successful when it comes to alcohol. And in this battle, science could be their adversary instead of their ally.

Time magazine’s headline says it all: Heavy Drinkers Outlive Nondrinkers, Study Finds. Here’s a couple of paragraphs from the Time article:

“The sample of those who were studied included individuals between ages 55 and 65 who had had any kind of outpatient care in the previous three years. The 1,824 participants were followed for 20 years. One drawback of the sample: a disproportionate number, 63%, were men. Just over 69% of the never-drinkers died during the 20 years, 60% of the heavy drinkers died and only 41% of moderate drinkers died.

These are remarkable statistics. Even though heavy drinking is associated with higher risk for cirrhosis and several types of cancer (particularly cancers in the mouth and esophagus), heavy drinkers are less likely to die than people who have never drunk.”

The study flies in the face of conventional wisdom. And it seems, at first blush, to defy common sense.

But here’s my question: If future studies suggest that complete abstention from alcohol is injurious to one’s health, should Pentecostals and other anti-alcohol churches rethink their long-held position on alcohol?

Furthermore, if alcohol, in moderation, is conclusively shown to be good for one’s health (and the scientific evidence increasingly says it is), should Protestant churches re-embrace the use of wine during the Eucharist?

The use of grape juice during Communion is apparently a 19th century innovation. All of the churches with apostolic succession, as far as I know, use wine when they commemorate the Last Supper.

Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Anglican — they all have used the fermented fruit of the vine for centuries or millennia.

Longer than the Bible long. (An exaggeration, but just barely.)
Longer than the New Testament long.

Don’t get me wrong. It’s a “triumphantly executed achievement” — to quote Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams. “Electrifying scholarship” — to quote MacCullouch’s publisher. Well written.

But at times, it reminds me of one of those Bible genealogies: “And so and so begat so and so, who begat so-and-so, who dug a well near the hills of such and such that stands to this day.”

(As my wife correctly noted, a genealogy is generally only interesting if it’s your own genealogy. Or if, at a minimum, you recognize most of the names.)

Here’s the book’s greatest strength and greatest weakness. It tries to summarize the history and beliefs of all Christians. Everywhere. At all times. In 1,000 pages.

Want to know about the evolution of the church in Ethiopia? It’s in there. Kiev? Yes. Bagdhad? Youbetcha. Hundreds of Popes, Patriarchs and Emperors. (Seemingly) thousands of crusades, jihads, Holy Wars and inquisitions. Multitudes of doctrinal disputes both big and small. I’m learning a lot, but it’s all a blur.

I loved Diarmaid MacCulloch’s much-heralded book on the Reformation. But the book devoted 800 or so pages to roughly 500 years of history. Enough space to bring Luther and Calvin and Wesley to life. But it’s a lot harder to cover 3,000 years of history in 1,000 pages.

I’ve seen restaurants that sell a 4 pound hamburger for some outlandish price — $25 or $30. If you eat it all in 30 minutes, they give it to you for free — plus you get a certificate suitable for framing and your picture goes on their wall. A few people attempt the feat and succeed. Others try and fail. Some enjoy the challenge. But it’s hard for me to imagine a rational, sane, well-balanced person actually enjoying the burger. Even if it’s the highest caliber beef on the planet.

That’s kind of where I am with this book. It’s a good book. It’s a great book. But it’s just too long, too big, a blur of names, dates and locations. The serving size is gynormous. I’ve consumed just over half of it. My brain is full, but I’ll keep plodding along until I get it done.

Here’s one of the nicer lines by Pitts:

“Huckabee seems to have the novel idea that it’s more important to find answers than win arguments, more important to speak conscience than parrot talking points.”

Nice to see an Arkansas minister (of Muslim descent, no less) quoted in the story.

I’ve still got 1,600 years of history and 700 pages of paper to wade through before I reach the finish line. And it crossed my mind last night — maybe I should just quit.

My wife says there’s no shame in throwing in the towel. I’ve been reading about church history non-stop for the past few months and if my brain is full, it’s fine to call it a day, she suggests.

This year, I’ve read The Jesus Wars by Philip Jenkins and A New History of Early Christianity by Charles Freeman and Lost to the West: The Forgotten Byzantine Empire that Rescued Western Civilization by Lars Brownsworth and God’s Battalions by Rodney Stark — all of them focusing on Christianity prior to 1453.

Maybe, I need to shift topics for a bit.

Do you ever give up on a book? What’s the most pages you’ve ever read before pulling the plug?

The Atlantic’s Jeffrey Goldberg has all the details.

h/t: Mollie at Get Religion.

The wrist-bone of John the Baptist can be seen at Topkapi Palace in Constantinople. The skull? It’s been spotted in Rome, Jerusalem, Constantinople, Damascus and numerous other sites.

POMPANO BEACH, Fla. (AP) – A cell phone store manager in South Florida dissuaded an armed man from robbing the store by telling him Jesus wouldn’t approve. Instead of panicking when the suspect pulled a weapon, Nayara Goncalves started talking with him. He was jobless, and the 20-year-old Christian offered to connect him with friends who could help him find work.

She said she believed the man when he said he attended church and wasn’t a bad person. She told him the answer to his financial problems wasn’t in the cash register.

Then, the clerk nudged him with a little sin of her own. She said the store would hold her responsible for any cash he stole.

Goncalves said, “I just wanted to remind him that he knew better.”

Goncalves’ story has a happy ending. I’m guessing we’ll eventually see her on TBN or The 700 Club.

Sometimes, things go great when you preach sermons to gun-wielding thugs. But sometimes, they go hideously wrong.

I was 11 years old when Mary Lindsay encountered an armed man, at her Eastern Oregon farmhouse, back in 1978.

The guy with the gun, Michael Olds, had already shot a taxi driver and he was ready to kill again. One spring day, when I was in fifth grade, he kidnapped Lindsay and farmer Nick Riley and drove a stolen car east.

Mary Lindsay was 75 and a Methodist if I remember right. A good Christian lady. And as Olds drove the car east, towards Idaho, Mrs. Lindsay began to talk to him about Jesus and salvation.

Unfortunately, Olds wasn’t in a listening mood. Riley, who kept his faith to himself, survived the road trip. Mary Lindsay didn’t. The guy with the gun shot her and dumped her body on the side of the road before continuing east into Idaho.

I was 11 years old when Mary Lindsay was kidnapped and when she was killed. As a paper boy, I delivered the news announcing her disappearance and, shortly thereafter, her death.

I worry that Christians may read about the Southern Florida incident and follow Nayara Goncalves’ example, not realizing the risk that they’re taking.

Sometimes, you tell a criminal about Jesus and he lets you go. Sometimes, he kills you instead.

Anne Rice …I quit being a Christian. I’m out. In the name of Christ, I refuse to be anti-gay. I refuse to be anti-feminist. I refuse to be anti-artificial birth control. I refuse to be anti-Democrat. I refuse to be anti-secular humanism. I refuse to be anti-science. I refuse to be anti-life…

Thursday, she seemed to backtrack a bit, posting on Twitter:

My faith in Christ is central to my life. My conversion from a pessimistic atheist lost in a world I didn’t understand, to an optimistic believer in a universe created and sustained by a loving God is crucial to me. But following Christ does not mean following His followers. Christ is infinitely more important than Christianity and always will be, no matter what Christianity is, has been, or might become.

So here’s a question. Can one logically say: “My faith in Christ is central to my life — but I am not a Christian?” Or, turning the question on its head, can one logically say: “I am a Christian, but my faith in Christ is irrelevant to my life”?

Standing Committee members celebrate commitment to transparency

It’s a story about a five-day long, closed-door meeting of the Standing Committee of the Anglican Communion which met in London.

When they weren’t celebrating their commitment to transparency, members of the Standing Committee held an election to fill an open seat. Last time I checked, the committee had not revealed the name of the person who was elected or the vote totals. The winner’s name will be revealed when and if he accepts the post, it was explained.

You won’t find many independent news accounts about the Standing Committee members celebrating their commitment to transparency during their five-day-long meeting in London because the meeting was closed to the public and to the press.

Dato’ Stanley Isaacs, an attorney from Malaysia, represents the Province of South East Asia and a member of the Standing Committee. On Monday, July 26, he made a motion for the Episcopal Church to be removed from the Anglican Communion.

It was probably an interesting discussion, since the Standing Committee includes Episcopal Church presiding bishop Katharine Jefferts Schori. I say probably because the standing committee meeting was closed to the public and to the press.

Mr. Isaacs’ motion failed, the Anglican Communion News Service reports.

We Need Your Immediate Help to Close an Extraordinary Budget Gap!

Apparently, the Council has relied heavily on a wealthy and generous donor whose $800,000 annual contribution provided roughly 25 percent of the revenue for the Council, the Center for Inquiry and the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.

This year, however, the donor decided to withhold his annual gift, and now the organization is “forced to cut down to the bone”, laying off employees and closing its offices in Tampa and Washington, D.C.

The second most interesting item is on page 6 and is headlined:

Free Inquiry Founder, Editor in Chief Paul Kurtz Resigns

There may be some linkage between Kurtz’s resignation and the donor’s decision to withhold funds. But that’s not clear. The organization has posted a fascinating Frequently Asked Questions sheet here.

One, Benny Hinn, is undergoing a divorce from his wife. The other, Paula White, recently divorced her husband.

The picture and a write up is in the latest issue of the National Enquirer.

White and Hinn have admitted that they met up in Rome. But they say they were both there, coincidentally, on business, and that nothing inappropriate happened.

Both preachers have issued statements with remarkably similar wording.

Hinn’s statement is titled:

Pastor Benny Responds to False and Misleading News Reports

White’s statement is titled:

PASTOR PAULA RESPONDS TO FALSE AND MISLEADING ARTICLE